Glutathione – 1500mg

Description

Glutathione is a naturally occurring tripeptide composed of the amino acids glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. It is one of the most abundant intracellular antioxidants in mammalian cells and plays an essential role in maintaining cellular redox balance, detoxification processes, and protection against oxidative stress. Unlike synthetic signaling peptides, glutathione is an endogenous molecule involved in fundamental biochemical pathways across many tissues.

Glutathione exists primarily in two forms: reduced glutathione (GSH), the active antioxidant form, and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), which forms when GSH neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ratio between GSH and GSSG is widely studied as an indicator of cellular oxidative status. Glutathione participates as a cofactor or substrate for enzymes including glutathione peroxidases and glutathione S-transferases, which contribute to antioxidant defense and cellular metabolism.

At the molecular level, glutathione contributes to neutralization of reactive oxygen species, maintenance of protein thiol groups, regulation of redox-sensitive signaling pathways, and metabolism of certain endogenous and exogenous compounds. It also plays a role in cellular defense mechanisms within organs with high metabolic activity, including the liver. Glutathione has been extensively studied in biochemistry, molecular biology, nutrition science, toxicology, and cellular physiology.

Product Specifications

• Peptide Name: Glutathione (Reduced Glutathione; GSH)
• Classification: Endogenous tripeptide antioxidant
• Sequence: γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine
• Molecular Formula: C₁₀H₁₇N₃O₆S
• Molecular Weight: 307.32 g/mol
• CAS Number: 70-18-8
• PubChem CID: 124886
• ChemSpider ID: 111885
• ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL15497
• Form: Research-grade glutathione powder / preparation-dependent
• Strength: 1500 mg
• Appearance: Typically a white to off-white crystalline powder
• Storage: Store according to supplier recommendations; protect from moisture, heat, and excessive exposure to light
• Solubility: Soluble in water; experimental solubility depends on formulation conditions
• Regulatory Status: Research compound and nutritional biomolecule; regulatory status varies by jurisdiction and application

What Is It Used For and Its Purpose 

Glutathione is widely investigated as a central molecule in cellular antioxidant biology, redox regulation, and detoxification research. Researchers study glutathione metabolism to understand how cells maintain oxidative balance during normal physiological processes and under conditions associated with increased oxidative stress.

Glutathione is used to examine mechanisms involving reactive oxygen species regulation, mitochondrial function, protein protection, cellular signaling, and enzyme-mediated detoxification pathways. Its role in maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis makes it an important model compound in biochemistry and physiology. Glutathione also extends to liver metabolism, immune cell function, aging biology, and cellular responses to environmental stressors. Studies investigate how changes in glutathione levels affect cellular adaptation and signaling, although the biological outcomes depend strongly on tissue type, experimental model, and delivery method.

Research Applications

• Oxidative stress research
• Cellular redox biology
• Mitochondrial function studies
• Biochemistry and enzyme research
• Detoxification pathway research
• Liver metabolism research
• Immunology research
• Aging biology
• Molecular stress response studies
• Antioxidant signaling research

Potential Scientific Benefits 

Glutathione is one of the most extensively studied intracellular antioxidant molecules. Studies demonstrate that reduced glutathione participates directly in neutralizing reactive oxygen species and maintaining cellular redox balance. It acts as a substrate for glutathione peroxidase enzymes, which convert reactive peroxides into less reactive molecules.

Research has shown that glutathione contributes to protection of cellular proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids from oxidative damage. The molecule also participates in glutathione S-transferase-mediated conjugation reactions, which are involved in metabolism of certain compounds and cellular detoxification pathways.

Preclinical studies have investigated relationships between glutathione levels and mitochondrial activity, immune signaling, inflammation-associated pathways, and age-related cellular changes. Alterations in glutathione metabolism are frequently studied as markers of cellular stress.

Observed biological activities in research

• Neutralization of reactive oxygen species
• Maintenance of intracellular redox balance
• Support of glutathione-dependent enzyme activity
• Protection of cellular components from oxidative damage
• Regulation of redox-sensitive signaling pathways
• Participation in cellular detoxification reactions

Reported molecular mechanisms

• Glutathione peroxidase-mediated peroxide reduction
• Glutathione S-transferase conjugation pathways
• Regulation of cellular thiol status
• Modulation of oxidative stress signaling pathways

Physiological pathways involved

• Antioxidant defense systems
• Mitochondrial homeostasis
• Cellular stress responses
• Hepatic metabolism pathways
• Immune cell regulation

Experimental outcomes in models

• Altered oxidative stress markers
• Changes in cellular antioxidant capacity
• Effects on mitochondrial and metabolic signaling pathways
• Modulation of redox-associated gene expression

Current evidence remains limited for specific clinical applications, and further well-controlled clinical studies are required to establish long-term efficacy and safety in humans.

Research Data Sheet

• Compound / Peptide Name: Glutathione (Reduced Glutathione; GSH)
• Sequence: γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine
• Classification: Endogenous tripeptide antioxidant
• Molecular Formula: C₁₀H₁₇N₃O₆S
• Molecular Weight: 307.32 g/mol
• CAS Number: 70-18-8
• PubChem CID: 124886
• ChemSpider ID: 111885
• ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL15497
• Form: Powder / research preparation dependent
• Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
• Storage: Store according to supplier specifications; protect from moisture and degradation conditions
• Research Categories: Antioxidant Biology, Redox Biology, Molecular Biochemistry, Mitochondrial Research, Cellular Stress Research, Metabolism

Safety Precautions 

Glutathione is supplied for research applications and should be handled according to established laboratory safety procedures. Although glutathione is naturally present in human cells, research-grade preparations require appropriate handling, storage, and documentation to maintain material integrity and experimental reliability. Laboratory users should follow standard chemical and biochemical handling practices.

• Research use only
• Not for human consumption
• Not intended to diagnose, treat, or prevent disease
• Wear appropriate PPE including gloves, laboratory coat, and eye protection
• Use appropriate aseptic handling procedures when required
• Store according to supplier recommendations
• Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles where applicable
• Maintain proper labeling and documentation
• Dispose of materials according to institutional and regulatory requirements
• Human safety data depend on route of administration and experimental context
• Potential long-term effects of specific research applications remain under investigation

Conclusion 

Glutathione is a fundamental endogenous tripeptide involved in antioxidant defense, cellular redox regulation, and biochemical detoxification processes. Its central role in maintaining intracellular balance has made it an important research molecule across molecular biology, biochemistry, physiology, and pharmacological sciences.

Research demonstrates glutathione’s involvement in reactive oxygen species regulation, enzyme-mediated antioxidant pathways, mitochondrial biology, and cellular stress responses. Human research has explored glutathione biology in multiple contexts, but outcomes vary depending on experimental conditions and biological factors. As a research compound, glutathione remains valuable for investigating mechanisms of oxidative stress, cellular protection, metabolism, and redox signaling.